点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 9 / 58 篇）
朴趾源燕行·热河行迹（1780年 · 清乾隆四十五年 · 朝鲜正祖四年）
Bak Ji-won's Embassy to Beijing and Rehe (1780 CE · Qianlong 45 · Joseon King Jeongjo 4)
时代跨度：1780年 · 清乾隆四十五年 · 朝鲜正祖四年
途经站点：共 10 站
起点 → 终点：汉阳 → 汉阳
全线途经古今地名：汉阳（今韩国首尔） → 义州（今朝鲜新义州一带） → 凤凰城（今辽宁凤城） → 辽阳（今辽宁辽阳） → 盛京（今辽宁沈阳） → 山海关（今河北秦皇岛山海关） → 燕京（今北京） → 古北口（今北京密云古北口） → 热河（今河北承德） → 汉阳（今韩国首尔）。
Route Stops: Hanyang (Seoul, Korea) → Uiju (near Sinuiju, North Korea) → Fenghuang Cheng (Fengcheng, Liaoning) → Liaoyang (Liaoyang, Liaoning) → Shengjing (Mukden) (Shenyang, Liaoning) → Shanhai Pass (Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao, Hebei) → Yanjing (Beijing) (Beijing) → Gubeikou (Gubeikou, Miyun, Beijing) → Rehe (Jehol) (Chengde, Hebei) → Hanyang (Seoul, Korea).
朴趾源燕行·热河行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（10 站）
朝鲜正祖四年，朝廷遣进贺兼谢恩使赴清，贺乾隆帝七十寿辰，正使为朴趾源的三从兄朴明源。年过四十的朴趾源以子弟军官身份随行，自汉阳启程北上。
In 1780 Joseon sent an embassy to congratulate the Qianlong Emperor on his seventieth birthday. Bak Ji-won, then in his forties, joined his cousin, the chief envoy Bak Myeong-won, as a military aide.
六月二十四日自义州渡鸭绿江，《热河日记》即以《渡江录》开篇；以“后三庚子”纪年，用的是崇祯纪元，可见朝鲜士人的尊明之心。
On the 24th day of the sixth month the embassy crossed the Yalu at Uiju. The Rehe Diary opens here, dating the year by the fallen Ming reign era Chongzhen.
朴趾源《热河日记·渡江录》：“曷为后三庚子？记行程阴晴，将年以系其月日也。”Bak Ji-won, Rehe Diary, Crossing the River: "Why write 'the third gengzi after'? To record the journey, its sun and rain, one must tie the months and days to a year."
过栅门入凤凰城，所见屋宇、车制、市肆井然，朴趾源由此反思朝鲜的贫弱，主张学习清朝的“利用厚生”之术，是为“北学”。
Passing the palisade gate into Fenghuang Cheng, Bak was struck by the orderly houses, carts and markets, and began arguing that Joseon should learn practical techniques from Qing China.
七月初出山行至辽阳一带，眼前辽东平野一望无际，朴趾源称此地为“好哭场”，写下《热河日记》中的名篇《好哭场论》。
Emerging onto the boundless Liaodong plain near Liaoyang, Bak called it "a fine place to weep", the theme of one of the diary's most famous passages.
七月十日前后抵清朝陪都盛京，记城郭、宫阙与市井见闻，并与当地商贾笔谈，成《盛京杂识》。
Around the tenth day of the seventh month the embassy reached the Qing secondary capital Mukden, where Bak recorded its walls, palaces and markets and conversed in writing with local merchants.
经山海关入关内，沿途所记成《关内程史》。
The embassy entered China proper through the Shanhai Pass, the stage recorded in the diary's Journey Within the Pass.
八月初抵北京。时乾隆帝驻跸热河避暑山庄，清廷命朝鲜使团北上热河祝寿，这在历次燕行中并不多见。
The embassy reached Beijing in early autumn, but the emperor was at his summer retreat in Rehe, and the envoys were ordered on north, an unusual turn for a Joseon embassy.
日夜兼程出古北口长城，一夜间九次涉渡河水，朴趾源由此写下《一夜九渡河记》，借水声谈耳目与心的关系。
Racing north through the Great Wall at Gubeikou, the party forded a river nine times in a single night, the subject of Bak's celebrated essay on perception and the mind.
朴趾源《一夜九渡河记》：“吾乃今知夫道矣。冥心者，耳目不为之累；信耳目者，视听弥审而弥为之病焉。”Bak Ji-won, Crossing the River Nine Times in One Night: "Now I know the Way. One whose mind is still is not burdened by eyes and ears; one who trusts eyes and ears suffers more the keener they become."
在热河参与乾隆帝七旬万寿庆典，适逢六世班禅亦来朝贺；朴趾源与清朝文士王民皞等笔谈，记为《鹄汀笔谈》等篇。书名“热河日记”即由此而来。
At Rehe the envoys joined the emperor's seventieth birthday celebrations, also attended by the Sixth Panchen Lama, and Bak held long written conversations with Qing scholars such as Wang Minhao.
使团经北京循原路东归，同年返抵汉阳。朴趾源此后数年整理见闻成《热河日记》，与朴齐家等倡“北学”，主张向清朝学习实用之学。
The embassy returned the same year by way of Beijing. Over the following years Bak compiled the Rehe Diary, a founding text of the Northern Learning movement urging Joseon to learn from Qing practical knowledge.