点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 56 / 58 篇）
蔡元培游学与北大行迹（1868年 — 1940年 · 同治七年至民国二十九年）
Cai Yuanpei: Study Abroad and Peking University (1868 CE – 1940 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1868年 — 1940年 · 同治七年至民国二十九年
途经站点：共 11 站
起点 → 终点：绍兴山阴 → 香港
全线途经古今地名：绍兴山阴（今浙江绍兴） → 翰林院（今北京） → 绍兴中西学堂（今浙江绍兴） → 南洋公学（今上海） → 上海启程（今上海） → 南京临时政府（今江苏南京） → 上海（今上海） → 北京大学（今北京） → 中央研究院（今上海） → 上海（今上海） → 香港（今香港）。
Route Stops: Shanyin, Shaoxing (Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China) → Hanlin Academy (Beijing, China) → Shaoxing Chinese-Western School (Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China) → Nanyang Public School (Shanghai, China) → Departing from Shanghai (Shanghai, China) → Provisional Government, Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) → Shanghai (Shanghai, China) → Peking University (Beijing, China) → Academia Sinica (Shanghai, China) → Shanghai (Shanghai, China) → Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China).
蔡元培游学与北大行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（11 站）
生于浙江绍兴府山阴县，父为钱庄经理，早故；六叔铭恩课以经史，十七岁中秀才。
Born at Shanyin, Shaoxing, orphaned young, he was schooled by an uncle and passed the county examination at seventeen.
二十六岁中进士，点翰林院庶吉士，授编修；甲午败后始纵览译书，渐疑旧学。
A jinshi at twenty-six, he entered the Hanlin Academy — then, after the defeat of 1895, devoured translations and began doubting the old learning.
戊戌政变后弃官南归，任绍兴中西学堂监督，倡新式教育。
After the coup of 1898 he gave up office and took charge of the Shaoxing Chinese-Western School.
任南洋公学特班总教习，李叔同、黄炎培辈出其门；继创爱国学社，1904年组光复会任会长，翌年入同盟会。
Special-class tutor at Nanyang Public School (his students included Li Shutong), he went on to found the Patriotic Study Society and in 1904 led the Restoration Society, joining the Revolutionary Alliance the next year.
随孙宝琦赴德，入莱比锡大学三年余，听哲学、美学、实验心理学；翰林游学，一时称异。
A Hanlin scholar off to be a student: three years at Leipzig University listening to philosophy, aesthetics and experimental psychology.
就南京临时政府首任教育总长，废读经、订壬子癸丑学制；随唐绍仪内阁北迁。
As the republic’s first education minister he scrapped the classics curriculum and drafted the new school system, moving north with the cabinet.
二次革命后辞职赴法，与李石曾等办华法教育会，为后来勤工俭学运动之滥觞。
Resigning after the failed Second Revolution, he spent three years in France, where the Sino-French Education Society he led seeded the work-study movement.
就北京大学校长，倡"思想自由、兼容并包"，延陈独秀、胡适、李大钊、鲁迅辈入北大，新文化运动自此发轫。
As president of Peking University he preached "freedom of thought, inclusiveness of schools" and hired Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao and Lu Xun — the New Culture Movement was born.
蔡元培《北京大学月刊》发刊词（1918）：“大学者，囊括大典、网罗众家之学府也。”Cai Yuanpei, foreword to the Peking University Monthly (1918): "A university embraces the great classics and gathers scholars of every school."
任中央研究院首任院长，集史语、社科诸所，为中国现代科学建制之始。
First president of Academia Sinica, he gave modern Chinese science its institutional home.
与宋庆龄、杨杏佛组中国民权保障同盟，营救被捕之进步人士；杨被刺后同盟受挫。
With Soong Ching-ling and Yang Xingfo he led the China League for Civil Rights, freeing political prisoners until Yang’s assassination broke it.
避居香港，3月5日病逝，年七十二；延安挽曰"学界泰斗，人世楷模"。
A refugee in Hong Kong, he died on 5 March 1940; Yan’an’s elegy called him "titan of learning, model for the world".