点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 35 / 58 篇）
陈独秀东渡与《新青年》行迹（1879年 — 1942年 · 清光绪五年至民国三十一年）
Chen Duxiu: Five Voyages to Japan and the New Youth (1879 CE – 1942 CE · Late Qing to the Republic of China)
时代跨度：1879年 — 1942年 · 清光绪五年至民国三十一年
途经站点：共 13 站
起点 → 终点：安庆 → 江津
全线途经古今地名：安庆（今安徽安庆） → 东京（今日本东京） → 上海（今上海） → 芜湖（今安徽芜湖） → 上海（今上海） → 北京大学（今北京） → 北京（今北京） → 上海（今上海） → 广州（今广东广州） → 武汉（今湖北武汉） → 南京老虎桥监狱（今江苏南京） → 江津（今重庆江津） → 江津（今重庆江津）。
Route Stops: Anqing (Anqing, Anhui) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Shanghai (Shanghai) → Wuhu (Wuhu, Anhui) → Shanghai (Shanghai) → Peking University (Beijing) → Beijing (Beijing) → Shanghai (Shanghai) → Canton (Guangzhou) (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → Wuhan (Wuhan, Hubei) → Laohuqiao Prison, Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Jiangjin (Jiangjin, Chongqing) → Jiangjin (Jiangjin, Chongqing).
陈独秀东渡与《新青年》行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（13 站）
生于安徽安庆怀宁，原名庆同，字仲甫；十七岁中秀才，次岁江南乡试落第，遂弃举业。
Born in Anqing to a scholarly family, Chen passed the county examination at seventeen and abandoned the imperial path after failing the provincial test.
自 1901 至 1915 年先后五次东渡求学或避难，入东京高等师范、成城学校等校；1902 年参与成立东京青年会，接受近代民主思想。
Between 1901 and 1915 Chen crossed to Japan five times, studying at Tokyo institutions and joining the Chinese students' Young China Society.
归国后在安庆筹建安徽爱国会，事泄走上海，助章士钊办《国民日日报》，鼓吹革命。
After a failed patriotic society at Anqing, Chen fled to Shanghai and helped Zhang Shizhao run the revolutionary National Daily.
回皖创办《安徽俗话报》，为最早用白话通俗宣传的报刊之一；次年在芜湖组织岳王会，为安徽第一个带军事色彩的革命团体。
In Wuhu Chen founded one of China's first vernacular papers and, in 1905, the secret Yue Wang Society.
九月在上海创办《青年杂志》（翌年改名《新青年》），新文化运动由此发端；高举民主与科学两面旗帜。
In September 1915 Chen launched Youth Magazine — renamed New Youth — raising the banners of democracy and science.
陈独秀《敬告青年》（1915）：“青年如初春，如朝日，如百卉之萌动，如利刃之新发于硎，人生最可宝贵之时期也。”Chen Duxiu, "Call to Youth" (1915): "Youth is like early spring, like the rising sun, like the first budding of a hundred flowers, like a blade fresh from the whetstone — the most precious time of life."
一月应蔡元培聘为北京大学文科学长，《新青年》迁京，箭杆胡同寓所成为新文化运动指挥部；1918 年与李大钊等办《每周评论》。
Appointed dean of letters at Peking University in January 1917, Chen moved New Youth to Beijing; his courtyard became the command post of the New Culture.
五四运动中被誉为“思想界的明星”，六月因散发《北京市民宣言》被捕，狱中三月，全国声援。
Hailed as the star of the intellectual world, Chen was jailed in June 1919 for distributing a citizens' manifesto, his release demanded nationwide.
二月离京南下，八月在上海成立共产主义小组并任书记，《新青年》转为机关刊物；与李大钊并称“南陈北李，相约建党”。
Moving south in 1920, Chen founded the Shanghai communist group that August, with Li Dazhao in Beijing — "Chen in the south, Li in the north."
应陈炯明之邀任广东教育委员会委员长；七月中共一大在上海召开，陈独秀缺席仍当选中央局书记。
Serving as Guangdong's education commissioner, Chen was elected general secretary of the new party in July 1921 in his absence.
四一二后随中共中央迁武汉，五大仍任总书记；八月八七会议被解除领导职务，此后转向托派，1929 年被开除党籍。
After the 1927 purge the party moved to Wuhan; that August Chen was removed from leadership, and by 1929 expelled as a Trotskyist.
十月在上海被捕，押南京，章士钊出庭辩护，爱因斯坦等国际人士电请释放；1937 年抗战起获释。
Arrested in Shanghai in October 1932, Chen was tried at Nanjing — Zhang Shizhao defending him, Einstein among those appealing — and freed in 1937.
出狱后拒绝蒋介石邀任劳动部长、拒绝另立党派之资助，1938 年 8 月溯江抵江津，教读著述为生。
Declining office and subsidies alike, Chen went upriver to Jiangjin in August 1938 to teach and write in poverty.
五月二十七日病逝于江津寓所，年六十三；贫不能归葬，后由三子松年迁葬安庆。
Chen died in Jiangjin on May 27, 1942, aged sixty-three; too poor to be sent home, he was later reburied at Anqing by his son.