点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 43 / 58 篇）
福泽谕吉启蒙与三渡欧美行迹（1835年 — 1901年 · 天保五年至明治三十四年）
Fukuzawa Yukichi: Enlightenment and Three Voyages West (1835 CE – 1901 CE · Tenpō to Meiji Japan)
时代跨度：1835年 — 1901年 · 天保五年至明治三十四年
途经站点：共 10 站
起点 → 终点：摄津国大坂堂岛 → 东京寓邸
全线途经古今地名：摄津国大坂堂岛（今日本大阪福岛区） → 长崎（今日本长崎） → 适适斋塾（今日本大阪） → 中津藩兰学塾（今日本东京） → 浦贺港（今日本神奈川横须贺） → 江户竹桥（今日本东京） → 江户（今日本东京） → 芝新钱座（今日本东京） → 时事新报社（今日本东京） → 东京寓邸（今日本东京）。
Route Stops: Dojima, Settsu (Fukushima Ward, Osaka, Japan) → Nagasaki (Nagasaki, Japan) → Tekijuku (Tekijuku Academy, Osaka) → Nakatsu Domain School, Edo (Edo (Tokyo), Japan) → Uraga Port (Uraga, Yokosuka, Kanagawa) → Takebashi, Edo (Tokyo, Japan) → Edo (Tokyo, Japan) → Shiba Shinzenza, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Jiji Shinpō (Tokyo, Japan) → His Tokyo Residence (Tokyo, Japan).
福泽谕吉启蒙与三渡欧美行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（10 站）
生于摄津国大坂堂岛新田的中津藩藏屋敷，父为下级藩士福泽百助；得《上谕条例》而命名谕吉。岁半丧父，随母归丰前中津。
Born in the Nakatsu domain's Osaka warehouse residence to a low-ranking samurai, Fukuzawa lost his father in infancy and was raised at Nakatsu in Kyushu.
黑船叩关、举国谈炮术之际，赴长崎从山本物次郎习兰学，始读荷兰文典。
With the black ships at the gates, Fukuzawa went to Nagasaki to study Dutch learning and gunnery.
入绪方洪庵适适斋塾昼夜攻兰学，未几拔为塾长；同门多后来维新名士。
At Ogata Kōan’s Tekijuku he read Dutch medicine day and night and soon served as head student among future Meiji leaders.
奉藩命赴江户，于中津藩邸开塾讲兰学，是为庆应义塾之嚆矢；游横滨见英文招牌而自愧，转攻英语。
Ordered to Edo, he opened a Dutch school at the domain residence — the seed of Keiō Gijuku — then switched to English after visiting Yokohama.
乘军舰咸临丸随日美修好通商条约批准使节渡美，任木村摄津守随员；亲见华盛顿风气，痛感门阀之弊。归国刊《增订华英通语》。
Sailing aboard the Kanrin Maru with the mission exchanging ratifications of the Harris Treaty, he saw American life first-hand and returned to publish his first book, a Chinese–English vocabulary.
以译员随文久遣欧使节经香港、新加坡历访法、英、荷、德、俄诸国；在香港见英人役使华人，深受震动。
As an interpreter with the mission to Europe via Hong Kong and Singapore, he toured the capitals of five countries; the treatment of the Chinese at Hong Kong shocked him deeply.
随幕府军舰受取使节再赴美国接收新舰，半年而返；三渡欧美，所著《西洋事情》风行天下。
With the warship-purchase mission he crossed again to the United States; his Western Things, drawn from three voyages, swept the country.
以年号名塾"庆应义塾"，以独立自尊为训，1871年迁三田，成日本私立大学之祖。
He renamed his school after the era name, teaching independence and self-respect; moved to Mita in 1871, it became Japan’s first private university.
福泽谕吉《劝学篇》（1872）：“天不生人上之人，也不生人下之人。”Fukuzawa Yukichi, An Encouragement of Learning (1872): "Heaven made no man above another, and no man below another."
在《时事新报》发表《脱亚论》，主张日本与西洋文明国共进退，"谢绝亚洲东方之恶友"；其论笼罩此后数十年日本国策，亦为后世聚讼之源。
In Datsu-A Ron he urged Japan to leave "the bad friends of East Asia" and advance with the civilized West — an argument that shaped decades of Japanese policy and remains fiercely debated.
2月3日病逝于东京寓邸。终生在野不仕，以著述、办学、办报塑造近代日本；头像今印于万圆纸币。
He died on 3 February 1901, never having held office, yet shaping modern Japan through books, school and press; his portrait now graces the ten-thousand-yen note.