点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 27 / 58 篇）
黄兴革命起义行迹（1874年 — 1916年 · 清同治十三年至民国五年）
Huang Xing: The Other Founder of the Republic (1874 CE – 1916 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1874年 — 1916年 · 清同治十三年至民国五年
途经站点：共 11 站
起点 → 终点：长沙善化凉塘 → 上海
全线途经古今地名：长沙善化凉塘（今湖南长沙县黄兴镇） → 东京弘文学院（今日本东京） → 长沙明德学堂（今湖南长沙） → 东京（今日本东京） → 河内（今越南河内） → 香港（今香港） → 广州（今广东广州） → 武昌（今湖北武汉武昌） → 南京（今江苏南京） → 南京（今江苏南京） → 上海（今上海）。
Route Stops: Liangtang, Changsha (Huangxing Town, Changsha, Hunan) → Kobun Institute, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Mingde School, Changsha (Changsha, Hunan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Hanoi (Hanoi, Vietnam) → Hong Kong (Hong Kong) → Canton (Guangzhou) (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → Wuchang (Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei) → Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Shanghai (Shanghai).
黄兴革命起义行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（11 站）
生于长沙府善化县龙喜乡凉塘，原名轸，字廑午，后改名兴，字克强；少年读经，22 岁中秀才后入武昌两湖书院。
Born to a rural scholar family near Changsha, Huang Xing was trained in the classics before new-style academies turned him toward revolution.
赴日入弘文学院速成师范科；组织“拒俄义勇队”，军国民教育会；次年归国策动革命。
In Tokyo Huang joined the Kobun Institute and the student movement against Russia, returning home to organize.
二月与陈天华、宋教仁等在长沙创立华兴会，任会长；十月甲辰长沙起义事泄，亡命日本。
With Chen Tianhua and Song Jiaoren, Huang founded the Huaxinghui at Changsha in 1904; its planned rising leaked, and he fled to Japan.
经宫崎滔天介绍与孙中山会晤，孙黄一见定交；八月同盟会成立，任执行部庶务，总理不在时代行其职，与孙并称“孙黄”。
Introduced by Miyazaki Tōten, Sun and Huang met and sealed their alliance; in the new Tongmenghui Huang ran day-to-day affairs, second only to Sun.
1907 年随孙中山亲赴镇南关炮台；1908 年春率二百余人于钦州、上思转战四十日，以寡击众，威名大著。
Huang climbed the Zhennan Pass forts with Sun in 1907 and next spring led two hundred men through forty days of fighting on the Kwangsi border.
同盟会统筹部设于香港，黄兴任部长，召集各地党人“选锋”（敢死队）入粤，谋广州大举。
From Hong Kong Huang directed the April 1911 Canton rising as head of the planning bureau, mustering the picked “vanguard” squads.
三月二十九日（4 月 27 日）率林觉民等先锋攻两广总督署，激战中右手断两指仍持枪督战；事败，殉难七十二人葬黄花岗。
On April 27, 1911, Huang led the assault on the viceroy's yamen, two fingers of his right hand shot away; the seventy-two dead lie at Yellow Flower Mound.
黄兴起义前夜致南洋同志书（1911）：“本日即赴阵地，誓身先士卒，努力杀贼，书此以当绝笔。”Huang Xing's farewell letter on the eve (1911): "Today I go to the field, sworn to lead the charge in person — this is my testament."
十月二十八日抵武昌，任民军战时总司令，指挥阳夏保卫战；汉阳苦战旬余失守，武汉局势转危为安，各省得以乘时起义。
Reaching Wuchang on October 28, Huang took command as war-time generalissimo and held the line at Hanyang long enough for the provinces to rise.
黄兴《致冯自由书》（1911）：“兴于九月十三日到鄂，即赴前线督战，昼夜不息。”Huang Xing to Feng Ziyou (1911): "I reached Hubei on the thirteenth of the ninth month and went straight to the front, without rest day or night."
南京临时政府成立，任陆军总长兼参谋总长，主持整编民军；南北统一后留守南京。
In the provisional republic Huang served as minister of war, holding the southern armies together through the transition.
黄兴《南京留守布告》（1912）：“民国初立，百端待理，兴以菲材，忝膺重寄。”Huang Xing, proclamation in Nanjing (1912): "The Republic is newly founded and a hundred tasks await; I, of slender ability, bear a heavy charge."
宋教仁遇刺后主张法律解决未果；七月赴南京任江苏讨袁军总司令，二次革命失败后再度流亡。
After Song Jiaoren's assassination Huang led the Jiangsu forces against Yuan Shikai in the failed Second Revolution, and fled abroad once more.
1914 年在东京与孙中山因组党之争而分歧，旋赴美洲养病筹款；袁世凯死后归国，十月三十一日以胃疾暴卒于上海，年四十二；章太炎挽“无公则无民国，有史必有斯人”。
Back in Shanghai after Yuan's fall, Huang died suddenly of illness at forty-two; Zhang Taiyan's elegy read: "Without him no Republic; history will keep his name."