点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 48 / 58 篇）
幸德秋水社会主义与大逆事件行迹（1871年 — 1911年 · 明治四年至明治四十四年）
Kōtoku Shūsui: Socialism and the High Treason Case (1871 CE – 1911 CE · Meiji Japan)
时代跨度：1871年 — 1911年 · 明治四年至明治四十四年
途经站点：共 9 站
起点 → 终点：土佐幡多郡中村 → 市ヶ谷刑务所
全线途经古今地名：土佐幡多郡中村（今日本高知四万十市） → 法国学塾（今日本东京） → 万朝报社（今日本东京） → 东京（今日本东京） → 平民社（今日本东京） → 东京监狱（今日本东京） → 东京（今日本东京） → 东京（今日本东京） → 市ヶ谷刑务所（今日本东京）。
Route Stops: Nakamura, Hata, Tosa (Shimanto, Kōchi, Japan) → Nakae’s French Academy (Tokyo, Japan) → Yorozu Chōhō (Tokyo, Japan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Heiminsha (Tokyo, Japan) → Prison, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Ichigaya Prison (Ichigaya, Tokyo, Japan).
幸德秋水社会主义与大逆事件行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（9 站）
生于土佐幡多郡中村（今四万十市），本名传次郎；"秋水"二字取自《庄子》，原为中江兆民之号，师让而承之。
Born Kōtoku Denjirō at Nakamura in Tosa, he took the name Shūsui — "autumn water", from Zhuangzi — handed down to him by his master Nakae Chōmin.
上京入中江兆民之法国学塾，昼夜受读卢梭与《庄子》；此后自谓平生学问"半出先生"。
In Tokyo he entered Nakae’s academy and read Rousseau and Zhuangzi day and night — half his learning, he said, came from the master.
入《万朝报》为记者，与内村鉴三、堺利彦同社论政，时称"理想团"；笔力倾动一时。
At the mass-circulation Yorozu Chōhō he wrote alongside Uchimura Kanzō and Sakai Toshihiko, the paper’s so-called "idealist trio".
刊《二十世纪之怪物帝国主义》，为世界最早系统批判帝国主义之书之一；1903年《社会主义神髓》出，汉译东传，影响清末留学生甚巨。
His Imperialism, Monster of the Twentieth Century (1901) was among the world’s first systematic attacks on empire; Socialism: Its Essence (1903) reached Chinese students in translation.
日俄开战在即，与堺利彦退出万朝报创平民社，刊《平民新闻》主张非战；与流亡东京的张继、刘师培等中国革命党人过从。
On the eve of the Russo-Japanese War he quit the paper with Sakai to found the Heiminsha and its antiwar Commoners’ Newspaper, keeping company with Chinese exiles such as Zhang Ji and Liu Shipei.
以社论文字获罪下狱五月；出狱后亡命美国，在旧金山接触世界产业工人联盟，思想由议会主义转向直接行动。
Convicted over an editorial, he served five months, then sailed for America, where the IWW turned him from parliamentarism to direct action.
归国于社会党欢迎会讲《世界革命运动的潮流》，倡直接行动论，与议会政策派决裂；翌年社会党遭禁。
Returning home he told the Socialist Party that revolution comes by general strike, not parliament; the party was banned the next year.
宫下太吉等谋刺天皇案发，当局罗织扩大，幸德以"谋议"之名被捕，牵连二十余人，史称大逆事件。
After a plot to kill the Emperor surfaced, the police roped in hundreds; Kōtoku and two dozen others were seized in what history calls the High Treason Case.
秘密审判，1月18日判死刑，24日晨就绞于市ヶ谷刑务所，年三十九；狱中著《基督抹杀论》，绝笔汉诗言志。
After a secret trial he was hanged at Ichigaya on 24 January 1911, leaving a last study of Christ and a deathbed poem.
幸德秋水绝笔诗（1911）：“区区成败且休论，千秋唯应意气存。如是而生如是死，罪人又觉布衣尊。”Kōtoku Shūsui’s deathbed poem (1911): "Let success and failure go; through the ages spirit alone endures. Born thus and dying thus — the convict stands nobler than the great."