点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 8 / 8 篇）
梁启超维新与流亡行迹（1873年 — 1929年 · 清同治十二年至民国十八年）
Liang Qichao's Reform, Exile and Scholarship (1873 CE – 1929 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1873年 — 1929年 · 清同治十二年至民国十八年
途经站点：共 11 站
起点 → 终点：新会县 → 北平香山
全线途经古今地名：新会县（今广东江门新会） → 广州府（今广东广州） → 京师（今北京） → 上海县（今上海） → 长沙府（今湖南长沙） → 京师（今北京） → 横滨（今日本横滨） → 天津（今天津） → 南京（今江苏南京） → 清华学校（今北京海淀） → 北平香山（今北京香山）。
Route Stops: Xinhui County (Xinhui, Jiangmen, Guangdong) → Guangzhou Prefecture (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → The Capital (Jingshi) (Beijing) → Shanghai County (Shanghai) → Changsha Prefecture (Changsha, Hunan) → The Capital (Jingshi) (Beijing) → Yokohama (Yokohama, Japan) → Tianjin (Tianjin) → Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Tsinghua School (Haidian, Beijing) → Fragrant Hills, Peiping (Fragrant Hills, Beijing).
梁启超维新与流亡行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（11 站）
生于广州府新会县熊子乡茶坑村，幼承祖父与父亲课读，少有神童之誉，十二岁中秀才，十七岁中举。
Born in Chakeng village of Xinhui County, Liang was schooled at home by his grandfather and father, passing the county exam at twelve and the provincial exam at sixteen.
梁启超《三十自述》：“余生同治癸酉正月二十六日，实太平国亡于金陵后十年。”Liang Qichao, Autobiography at Thirty: "I was born in 1873, ten years after the Taiping kingdom fell at Jinling."
入京会试落第南归，经陈千秋引见拜康有为为师，旋入长兴里万木草堂受学，尽弃旧日训诂词章之学，转治今文经学与西学。
After failing the metropolitan exam, Liang became a disciple of Kang Youwei in Guangzhou and studied at the Wanmu Thatched Hall, abandoning philology for New Text Confucianism and Western learning.
梁启超《三十自述》：“冷水浇背，当头一棒，一旦尽失其故垒。”Liang Qichao, Autobiography at Thirty: "As if cold water were poured down my back and a staff struck my head, all my old ramparts fell at once."
《马关条约》议成，随康有为联合入京应试举人上书请拒和、迁都、变法；同年参与创办强学会，任书记员。
As the Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded, Liang joined Kang Youwei in rallying examination candidates to petition for reform, and served as secretary of the Society for the Study of National Strengthening.
梁启超《三十自述》：“乙未和议成，代表广东公车百九十人，上书陈时局。”Liang Qichao, Autobiography at Thirty: "When the peace of 1895 was concluded, I led 190 Guangdong candidates in a memorial on the state of the realm."
与黄遵宪、汪康年在上海创办《时务报》，任主笔，连载《变法通议》，以浅近有力的“报章体”风行海内。
Liang edited the Shiwu Bao (Chinese Progress) in Shanghai, serializing his General Discussion of Reform in a vivid journalistic style that swept the country.
梁启超《变法通议·论不变法之害》：“法何以必变？凡在天地之间者，莫不变。”Liang Qichao, On Reform: "Why must institutions change? Everything between heaven and earth changes."
应湖南巡抚陈宝箴等之聘，任长沙时务学堂中文总教习，倡民权之说，蔡锷即出其门下。
Invited by Governor Chen Baozhen, Liang became chief Chinese instructor of the Academy of Current Affairs in Changsha, where Cai E was among his students.
梁启超《湖南时务学堂学约》列十章：立志、养心、治身、读书、穷理、学文、乐群、摄生、经世、传教。Liang Qichao, Covenant of the Hunan Academy: ten precepts, beginning with resolve, cultivation of mind and discipline of body.
百日维新中蒙光绪帝召见，赏六品衔，办理译书局事务；八月政变，六君子就义，梁启超避入日本使馆，东渡流亡。
During the Hundred Days’ Reform the Guangxu Emperor received Liang and placed him in charge of the translation bureau; after the coup he fled via the Japanese legation into exile.
谭嗣同《狱中题壁》：“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑。”Tan Sitong, Written on the Prison Wall: "I lift my blade and laugh to heaven; those who leave and those who stay are both towering peaks."
流亡日本，在横滨先后创办《清议报》《新民丛报》，发表《少年中国说》《新民说》，以“饮冰室主人”之名启迪一代青年。
In exile Liang founded the Qingyi Bao and Xinmin Congbao in Yokohama, publishing Ode to Young China and On the New Citizen that inspired a generation.
梁启超《少年中国说》：“少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立。”Liang Qichao, Ode to Young China: "If the youth are wise, the nation is wise; if the youth are strong, the nation is strong."
民国元年秋结束十四年流亡归国，后寓居天津意租界；1915 年于此撰《异哉所谓国体问题者》反对帝制，翌年南下策动护国战争。
Ending fourteen years of exile in 1912, Liang settled in Tianjin, where in 1915 he wrote a famous essay against Yuan Shikai’s monarchy before joining the National Protection War.
《庄子·人间世》：“今吾朝受命而夕饮冰，我其内热与！”（“饮冰室”之名所出）Zhuangzi, In the World of Men: "I received my orders this morning and by evening I am drinking ice—am I not burning within?" (source of the name Yinbingshi)
1918 至 1920 年游历欧洲，归国后弃政从学，奔走各地讲学；1922 年秋在南京东南大学讲授先秦政治思想等课程。
After touring Europe in 1918–1920, Liang left politics for scholarship, lecturing widely, including on pre-Qin political thought at Southeast University in Nanjing in 1922.
梁启超《最苦与最乐》：“我说人生最苦的事，莫苦于身上背着一种未来的责任。”Liang Qichao, The Greatest Pain and the Greatest Joy: "The bitterest thing in life is to carry an unfulfilled responsibility."
受聘为清华学校研究院（国学门）导师，与王国维、陈寅恪、赵元任并称“四大导师”，著《中国近三百年学术史》等。
Liang became one of the “Four Great Mentors” of the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies alongside Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke and Y. R. Chao.
《周易》：“天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。”（1914 年梁启超在清华演讲《君子》引此，后成清华校训）Book of Changes: "Heaven moves vigorously; the noble person strives without cease. Earth is receptive; the noble person bears all with virtue." (cited by Liang at Tsinghua in 1914)
民国十八年一月病逝于北平协和医院，享年五十六岁，葬于西山卧佛寺东侧（今北京植物园内）。
Liang died at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in January 1929 and was buried near the Temple of the Reclining Buddha in the Western Hills.
梁启超《少年中国说》：“美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！”Liang Qichao, Ode to Young China: "Beautiful is my young China, ageless as heaven! Splendid are my Chinese youth, boundless as the nation!"