点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 11 / 58 篇）
鲁迅留学东瀛与呐喊行迹（1881年 — 1936年 · 清光绪七年至民国二十五年）
Lu Xun: From Sendai to the New Culture Movement (1881 CE – 1936 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1881年 — 1936年 · 清光绪七年至民国二十五年
途经站点：共 11 站
起点 → 终点：绍兴府 → 上海
全线途经古今地名：绍兴府（今浙江绍兴） → 江宁（今江苏南京） → 东京弘文学院（今日本东京） → 仙台医学专门学校（今日本仙台） → 东京（今日本东京） → 杭州（今浙江杭州） → 绍兴府中学堂（今浙江绍兴） → 北京（今北京） → 厦门大学（今福建厦门） → 广州（今广东广州） → 上海（今上海）。
Route Stops: Shaoxing Prefecture (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) → Jiangning (Nanjing) (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Kobun Institute, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Sendai Medical College (Sendai, Japan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Hangzhou (Hangzhou, Zhejiang) → Shaoxing Prefectural Middle School (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) → Beijing (Beijing) → Xiamen University (Xiamen, Fujian) → Canton (Guangzhou) (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → Shanghai (Shanghai).
鲁迅留学东瀛与呐喊行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（11 站）
生于绍兴府会稽县东昌坊口新台门周家，幼从寿镜吾读于三味书屋；祖父科场案下狱、父亲病故，家道中落，常出入当铺与药铺之间。
Born into the Zhou family of the Xintaimen residence in Shaoxing, Lu Xun studied at the Sanwei Bookroom under Shou Jingwu; the fall of his family after his grandfather's imprisonment and his father's illness marked his childhood.
考入江南水师学堂，旋改入江南陆师学堂附设矿务铁路学堂，读严译《天演论》，始接触进化论与新学。
Lu Xun entered the Jiangnan Naval Academy, then transferred to the School of Mines and Railways, where reading Yan Fu's translation of Evolution and Ethics opened him to new thought.
由江南督练公所派赴日本留学，入弘文学院普通科江南班；次年剪去发辫，摄“断发照”以明志。
Sent to Japan as a government student, Lu Xun joined the Kobun Institute; the next year he cut off his queue and had a photograph taken to mark his break with the old order.
鲁迅《自题小照》（1903）：“寄意寒星荃不察，我以我血荐轩辕。”Lu Xun, Inscription on a Photo (1903): "I offer my heart to the stars of home, though my countrymen cannot see; with my blood I pledge myself to the Yellow Emperor."
转入仙台医学专门学校，从藤野严九郎改订讲义；日俄战争幻灯片中围观同胞被处决的麻木看客，令其深受刺激。
Lu Xun transferred to Sendai Medical College, where Fujino Genkurō corrected his lecture notes; a slide show of numb Chinese onlookers during the Russo-Japanese War shook him deeply.
鲁迅《藤野先生》：“他的性格，在我的眼里和心里是伟大的，虽然他的姓名并不为许多人所知道。”Lu Xun, Mr. Fujino: "His character was great in my eyes and in my heart, though his name is known to few."
退学回东京，谋办杂志《新生》未成，与周作人合译《域外小说集》；1908 年起从章太炎先生听讲《说文解字》。
Leaving medicine, Lu Xun returned to Tokyo, planned a magazine that never launched, and co-translated Stories from Abroad with his brother; from 1908 he studied under the philologist Zhang Taiyan.
鲁迅《呐喊·自序》：“所以我们的第一要著，是在改变他们的精神，而善于改变精神的是，我那时以为当然要推文艺。”Lu Xun, Preface to Call to Arms: "The first task was to change their spirit, and literature, I then thought, was the best means for changing it."
归国任杭州浙江两级师范学堂化学、生理学教员，译《月界旅行》《地底旅行》诸书。
Back in China, Lu Xun taught chemistry and physiology at the Zhejiang Two-Level Normal School in Hangzhou, translating Jules Verne on the side.
任绍兴府中学堂监学；辛亥革命杭州光复时，组织学生武装演说队上街迎接。
Lu Xun served as proctor of the Shaoxing Prefectural Middle School; when the revolution reached Hangzhou he led his students into the streets.
随临时政府北迁，任教育部社会教育司佥事；1918 年在《新青年》发表中国第一篇现代白话小说《狂人日记》，始署名“鲁迅”，后有《阿Q正传》。
Moving to Beijing with the Republican government, Lu Xun served in the Ministry of Education; in 1918 he published China's first modern vernacular story, A Madman's Diary, under the pen name Lu Xun.
鲁迅《狂人日记》：“从来如此，便对么？”Lu Xun, A Madman's Diary: "It has always been so, therefore it is right?"
三一八惨案后南下，任厦门大学国文系教授，编讲义《中国文学史略》，写《从百草园到三味书屋》《藤野先生》诸篇。
After the March 18 Massacre, Lu Xun taught Chinese literature at Xiamen University, drafting a literary history and writing the essays of Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk.
任中山大学教务主任兼文学系主任；四一五清党后愤而辞职，蛰居白云楼整理《野草》《朝花夕拾》，九月离穗，十月抵上海。
Lu Xun served as dean of studies at Sun Yat-sen University; after the April 1927 purge he resigned in protest and left for Shanghai that autumn.
与许广平定居上海，常往内山书店；1930 年参与发起中国自由运动大同盟与左翼作家联盟；1936 年 10 月 19 日病逝于大陆新村寓所。
Settling in Shanghai, Lu Xun frequented the Uchiyama Bookstore; in 1930 he helped found the League of Left-Wing Writers. He died at home in Shanghai on October 19, 1936.
鲁迅《这也是生活》（1936）：“无穷的远方，无数的人们，都和我有关。”Lu Xun, This Is Life Too (1936): "The endless distance, the countless people, are all connected with me."