点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 44 / 58 篇）
中江兆民法国学与自由民权行迹（1847年 — 1901年 · 弘化四年至明治三十四年）
Nakae Chōmin: The Rousseau of the East (1847 CE – 1901 CE · Kōka to Meiji Japan)
时代跨度：1847年 — 1901年 · 弘化四年至明治三十四年
途经站点：共 8 站
起点 → 终点：土佐国高知 → 小石川
全线途经古今地名：土佐国高知（今日本高知） → 横滨港（今日本横滨） → 法国学塾（今日本东京） → 东洋自由新闻（今日本东京） → 民约译解（今日本东京） → 东京追放（今日本东京） → 大阪（今日本大阪） → 小石川（今日本东京）。
Route Stops: Kōchi, Tosa (Kōchi, Japan) → Port of Yokohama (Yokohama, Japan) → French Academy, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Tōyō Jiyū Shinbun (Tokyo, Japan) → Min’yaku Yakikai (Tokyo, Japan) → Banished from Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Osaka (Osaka, Japan) → Koishikawa, Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan).
中江兆民法国学与自由民权行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（8 站）
生于土佐藩高知城下藩士之家，本名笃介；少习汉学，继于长崎、江户学法兰西学。
Born into a Tosa samurai family as Nakae Tokusuke, he learned Chinese classics first, then French studies at Nagasaki and Edo.
与岩仓使节团同期自横滨出帆，留学法兰西，究哲理与法学；明治日本之受卢梭，半出其手。
He sailed from Yokohama in the year of the Iwakura mission to study philosophy and law in France — the man who brought Rousseau to Japan.
归国开法国学塾（仏学塾），门下出幸德秋水等；旋任元老院权少书记官，两年辞去。
Back home he opened a French academy — among his students the future radical Kōtoku Shūsui — then served briefly in the Senate and resigned.
主笔《东洋自由新闻》，以法国式自由民权论为自由民权运动立理论之基。
As chief writer of the Tōyō Jiyū Shinbun he gave the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement its French-style theory of liberty.
汉译卢梭《民约论》为《民约译解》，"东洋卢梭"之名由此而得；其译本东传，为清末留日学生所推重。
His Chinese rendering of Rousseau’s Social Contract earned him the title "Rousseau of the East"; the translation circulated among Chinese students in Japan.
以言论触当局，依保安条例被逐出东京三年，移居大阪，续为报纸执笔。
His pen outran the government’s patience: under the Peace Preservation Ordinance he was banished from Tokyo and settled in Osaka.
于大阪选区当选首届众议员，以议会当自守其节之立场旋即辞职，还以著述。
Elected to the first House of Representatives from Osaka, he resigned within months on principle and returned to writing.
喉癌宣判余命年半，病榻口授《一年有半》《续一年有半》，谓哲学者可以知死；12月13日卒于东京小石川。
Diagnosed with throat cancer and given a year and a half, he dictated his final books from a sickbed and died on 13 December 1901 in Tokyo.
中江兆民《一年有半》（1901）：“一年半是长命。说不定还会更长。”Nakae Chōmin, A Year and a Half (1901): "A year and a half is a long life. Perhaps it may be longer still."