点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 12 / 58 篇）
孙中山革命与流亡行迹（1866年 — 1925年 · 清同治五年至民国十四年）
Sun Yat-sen: Revolution and Exile Across East Asia (1866 CE – 1925 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1866年 — 1925年 · 清同治五年至民国十四年
途经站点：共 14 站
起点 → 终点：香山县翠亨村 → 北京
全线途经古今地名：香山县翠亨村（今广东中山翠亨村） → 香港西医书院（今香港） → 天津（今天津） → 广州（今广东广州） → 横滨（今日本横滨） → 台北（今台湾台北） → 东京（今日本东京） → 河内（今越南河内） → 南京（今江苏南京） → 东京（今日本东京） → 上海（今上海） → 广州（今广东广州） → 神户（今日本神户） → 北京（今北京）。
Route Stops: Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan County (Cuiheng, Zhongshan, Guangdong) → College of Medicine for Chinese, Hong Kong (Hong Kong) → Tianjin (Tianjin) → Canton (Guangzhou) (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → Yokohama (Yokohama, Japan) → Taihoku (Taipei) (Taipei, Taiwan) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Hanoi (Hanoi, Vietnam) → Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Shanghai (Shanghai) → Canton (Guangzhou) (Guangzhou, Guangdong) → Kobe (Kobe, Japan) → Beijing (Beijing).
孙中山革命与流亡行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（14 站）
生于广州府香山县翠亨村农家；1879 年随母赴檀香山依长兄孙眉，受西式教育，自言“始见轮舟之奇，沧海之阔”。
Sun was born to a farming family in Cuiheng; in 1879 he joined his brother in Hawaii, where a Western schooling first showed him "the wonder of steamships and the breadth of the ocean."
先入广州博济医院附设南华医学堂，1887 年转入香港西医书院，1892 年以首届第一名的成绩毕业，先后在澳门、广州行医。
After starting medical training in Canton, Sun entered the College of Medicine in Hong Kong in 1887, graduating first in its inaugural class and practicing in Macao and Canton.
偕陆皓东北上，上书直隶总督李鸿章陈革新之策，未获接见；同年 11 月在檀香山创立兴中会，誓词“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立合众政府”。
Sun traveled north with Lu Haodong to present a reform memorial to Viceroy Li Hongzhang and was refused a hearing; that November he founded the Revive China Society in Honolulu.
孙中山《上李傅相书》：“人能尽其才，地能尽其利，物能尽其用，货能畅其流——此四事者，富强之大经，治国之大本也。”Sun Yat-sen, Memorial to Li Hongzhang: "Let men give full play to their talents, land to its yield, goods to their use, and commerce to its flow — these four are the great means of wealth and the foundation of government."
设兴中会机关于香港，密谋重阳广州起义，事泄败露，陆皓东等被捕死难；孙中山断发改装，经日本转赴欧美流亡，清廷悬赏缉拿。
Plotting a Canton uprising from Hong Kong, the society was betrayed and Lu Haodong was executed; Sun cut his queue, fled abroad, and a price was set on his head.
1895 年 11 月抵横滨，剪辫易装，设兴中会横滨分会；1896 年伦敦蒙难因清使馆绑架事件而名动欧美，1897 年 8 月再抵日本，经宫崎滔天引荐往返东京。
Sun reached Yokohama in November 1895 and set up a local branch of the society; after his sensational kidnapping in the Chinese legation in London, he returned to Japan in 1897 and met the sympathizer Miyazaki Tōten.
9 月化名“吴仲”自神户乘船赴台，28 日抵基隆，在台北新起町设起义指挥部，与台湾总督儿玉源太郎等接洽；10 月郑士良在惠州三洲田举义，后因日本内阁更迭禁运军火而败，11 月被驱逐离台。
Sailing from Kobe under a false name, Sun landed at Keelung and set up a command post in Taipei, dealing with the Japanese governor-general; the Huizhou uprising he directed from Taiwan failed when Tokyo cut off arms, and he was expelled in November.
各革命团体在东京合并成立中国同盟会；11 月《民报》创刊，发刊词首次揭出民族、民权、民生“三民主义”；1907 年被日本政府礼送出境。
Revolutionary groups merged in Tokyo into the Tongmenghui; its journal Minbao opened with Sun's formulation of the Three Principles of the People, before Tokyo politely expelled him in 1907.
《同盟会军政府宣言》纲领：“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立民国，平均地权。”Program of the Tongmenghui: "Drive out the Tartars, restore China, establish a republic, and equalize land rights."
以法属安南河内为基地，先后指挥潮州黄冈、惠州七女湖、防城、镇南关与河口诸役，镇南关之役亲赴炮台督战；1908 年被法属当局驱逐，转往南洋。
From Hanoi Sun directed a string of uprisings along the southern border, climbing the Zhennan Pass fort himself; French authorities expelled him in 1908 and he moved on to Southeast Asia.
武昌起义后自欧美归国，12 月 25 日抵上海，29 日当选临时大总统，1912 年元旦在南京宣誓就职，创立中华民国；2 月向参议院辞职荐袁世凯自代。
Returning after the Wuchang Uprising, Sun was elected provisional president and was sworn in at Nanjing on New Year's Day 1912, founding the Republic of China; he yielded the office to Yuan Shikai in February.
讨袁失败后偕胡汉民经福州、台北（下榻梅屋敷）亡命日本；1914 年在东京组织中华革命党，1915 年 10 月与宋庆龄在东京结婚。
After the failed uprising against Yuan Shikai, Sun fled to Japan via Taipei; he organized the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo in 1914 and married Soong Ching-ling there in 1915.
护国战争倒袁后于 1916 年 4 月回到上海，潜心撰述《孙文学说》《实业计划》；1917 年南下护法。
After Yuan's fall, Sun returned to Shanghai in 1916 and wrote his philosophical and economic works before heading south again in 1917.
1917 年在广州召开国会非常会议，任海陆军大元帅护法；1921 年任非常大总统；1922 年陈炯明叛变；1924 年召开中国国民党一大，确立联俄、联共、扶助农工政策，6 月创办黄埔军校。
Sun convened an extraordinary parliament in Canton in 1917 as generalissimo; after Chen Jiongming's betrayal in 1922, he reorganized the Kuomintang in 1924, allying with the Communists and founding the Whampoa Military Academy.
应邀北上共商国是，绕道日本，11 月 28 日在神户高等女学校演讲《大亚洲主义》，论王道与霸道之辨。
On his final journey north, Sun stopped in Japan and delivered his famous lecture on Pan-Asianism in Kobe on November 28, 1924.
孙中山《大亚洲主义》（1924）：“究竟是做西方霸道的鹰犬，或是做东方王道的干城，就在你们日本国民去详审慎择。”Sun Yat-sen, Pan-Asianism (1924): "Whether to be the hawk and hound of Western hegemony, or the bulwark of Eastern kingly virtue — this choice rests with the Japanese nation."
12 月底扶病入京，1925 年 3 月 12 日因肝癌病逝于铁狮子胡同行辕；灵柩暂厝西山碧云寺，1929 年奉安南京钟山中山陵。
Arriving in Beijing gravely ill, Sun died of liver cancer on March 12, 1925; his remains were later interred in the Mausoleum on Purple Mountain in Nanjing.
孙中山《总理遗嘱》：“余致力国民革命，凡四十年，其目的在求中国之自由平等……现在革命尚未成功，凡我同志，务须……继续努力，以求贯彻。”Sun Yat-sen, Political Testament: "For forty years I have devoted myself to the national revolution, seeking freedom and equality for China... The revolution is not yet accomplished; let all my comrades carry on the struggle."