点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 53 / 58 篇）
谭嗣同壮游与戊戌殉难行迹（1865年 — 1898年 · 同治四年至光绪二十四年）
Tan Sitong: Travels, Renxue and the Martyrdom of 1898 (1865 CE – 1898 CE · Late Qing)
时代跨度：1865年 — 1898年 · 同治四年至光绪二十四年
途经站点：共 8 站
起点 → 终点：北京宣南 → 菜市口
全线途经古今地名：北京宣南（今北京） → 兰州（今甘肃兰州） → 浏阳（今湖南浏阳） → 上海（今上海） → 江宁（今江苏南京） → 长沙（今湖南长沙） → 军机处（今北京） → 菜市口（今北京）。
Route Stops: Xuannan, Beijing (Beijing, China) → Lanzhou (Lanzhou, Gansu, China) → Liuyang (Liuyang, Hunan, China) → Shanghai (Shanghai, China) → Jiangning (Nanjing) (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) → Changsha (Changsha, Hunan, China) → Grand Council (Beijing, China) → Caishikou Execution Ground (Beijing, China).
谭嗣同壮游与戊戌殉难行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（8 站）
生于北京宣武门外，父谭继洵官京师；幼年两次大病，家人几弃，遂字"复生"。
Born in Beijing while his father served the capital, Tan Sitong twice nearly died in childhood — the name Fusheng, "born again", recalls it.
父官甘肃布政使，嗣同数度随宦陇上，纵游直隶、新疆、陕西诸省，究心经世舆地之学。
Following his father’s Gansu governorship he roamed the northwest — Zhili, Xinjiang, Shaanxi — steeping himself in statecraft and geography.
甲午败报至，发愤倡"浏阳兴算"，立算学馆，谓变法当自士始。
Stung by defeat in 1895, he founded an arithmetic academy in his home county — reform must begin with the scholars, he argued.
过上海访傅兰雅，购览西书仪器，受《治心免病法》"以太"之说启发，仁学之宇宙论自此立骨。
In Shanghai he met translator John Fryer, pored over Western books and instruments, and took from Fryer’s Mind-Cure the notion of ether that frames his Renxue.
捐纳候补知府驻江宁，师事杨文会学佛，夜以继日成《仁学》，倡"冲决网罗"，君臣、伦常皆在所冲之列。
A expectant prefect at Nanjing, he studied Buddhism under Yang Wenhui and wrote Renxue — the Learning of Humanity, calling on all to smash the nets of custom and throne alike.
归湘与熊希龄、唐才常等办时务学堂、《湘报》，设南学会，湖南一时称天下新政之中心。
Back in Hunan he built the Shiwu Academy, the Xiang Bao newspaper and the Southern Study Society, making Hunan the show province of reform.
光绪召入京，擢四品卿衔军机章京，与杨锐、林旭、刘光第参预新政；政变前夕夜访袁世凯，事败不逃。
Summoned by the Guangxu Emperor as one of four reform secretaries of the Grand Council, he sought Yuan Shikai’s help on the eve of the coup — and refused to flee when it failed.
9月28日与杨锐等六人就刑菜市口，年三十三；谓"各国变法无不从流血而成，今中国未闻有因变法而流血者，有之，请自嗣同始"。
On 28 September 1898 he and five fellow reformers were beheaded at Caishikou; he had said that reform needs its blood, and offered his own first.
谭嗣同《狱中题壁》（1898）：“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑。”Tan Sitong, Written in Prison (1898): "I laugh to the sky with my sword drawn; whether I stay or go, my courage stands like twin Kunlun peaks."