点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 51 / 58 篇）
严复译业与天演论行迹（1854年 — 1921年 · 咸丰四年至民国十年）
Yan Fu: Translation and the Search for Wealth and Power (1854 CE – 1921 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1854年 — 1921年 · 咸丰四年至民国十年
途经站点：共 10 站
起点 → 终点：福州侯官 → 郎官巷
全线途经古今地名：福州侯官（今福建福州） → 马尾福州船政学堂（今福建福州马尾） → 福州（今福建福州） → 北洋水师学堂（今天津） → 直报馆（今天津） → 天津（今天津） → 上海（今上海） → 京师大学堂译书局（今北京） → 北京大学（今北京） → 郎官巷（今福建福州）。
Route Stops: Houguan, Fuzhou (Fuzhou, Fujian) → Foochow Arsenal Academy, Mawei (Mawei, Fuzhou, Fujian) → Fuzhou (Fuzhou, Fujian) → Peiyang Naval Academy (Tianjin, China) → Zhibao office (Tianjin, China) → Tianjin (Tianjin, China) → Shanghai (Shanghai, China) → Imperial University Translation Bureau (Beijing, China) → Peking University (Beijing, China) → Langguan Lane, Fuzhou (Fuzhou, Fujian).
严复译业与天演论行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（10 站）
生于福州府侯官县（今仓山区阳岐村），中医之家；十四岁父殁家贫，弃科举而就新学。
Born into a physician’s family at Houguan, Fuzhou, Yan Fu was orphaned at fourteen and turned from the examinations to the new learning.
以第一名考入学堂后学堂习驾驶，食廪于官；历建威、扬武诸舰，巡历南洋黄海，读《几何原本》以西学植根柢。
He topped the entrance examination for navigation at the Foochow Arsenal Academy and sailed survey cruises, grounding himself in Western mathematics.
派赴英国留学，先补朴茨茅斯，继入格林尼治皇家海军学院；课余纵观英国法院、市政，谓西洋命脉不在船炮而在学术政教。
Sent to England, he studied at Portsmouth and the Royal Naval College, Greenwich — and concluded off-campus that the West’s strength lay in its learning and institutions, not its guns.
应李鸿章聘任北洋水师学堂总教习，后任总办，凡二十年；育才于津门而译笔渐起。
Li Hongzhang hired him to lead the Peiyang Naval Academy at Tianjin, where he taught for two decades as his translator’s pen matured.
甲午丧师，痛于《直报》连刊《论世变之亟》《原强》《辟韩》《救亡决论》，始译赫胥黎《天演论》。
After the defeat by Japan he published four thunderous essays in the Zhibao and began translating Huxley’s Evolution and Ethics.
《天演论》刊行，"物竞天择"四字风行海内，一代读书人由此而知亡国之惧与自强之途；译例言标举"信达雅"，为译事千古立则。
Evolution and Ethics swept the country: "natural selection" gave a generation both the fear of extinction and the road to self-strengthening, while his preface set the standard of faithful, fluent, graceful translation.
严复译《天演论》（1898）：“物竞天择，适者生存。”Yan Fu’s rendering of Huxley (1898): "Things compete and nature selects; the fit survive."
弃官南下寓上海；此后《原富》《群学肄言》《群己权界论》《穆勒名学》相继成，一人译出近代西方学术半壁。
He left office for Shanghai, where one translation after another — The Wealth of Nations, Study of Sociology, On Liberty, Mill’s Logic — carried half of Western learning into Chinese.
就京师大学堂译书局总办，立章程、定名义，译名之学自严始。
As head of the Imperial University’s translation bureau he set the rules and coined the terminology of Chinese translation studies.
京师大学堂改称北京大学，严复首任校长，旋以时局去职。
When the Imperial University became Peking University, Yan Fu was its first president, resigning within months amid the turmoil.
肺疾归福州，10月27日卒于郎官巷寓邸，年六十七；遗嘱言"中国不灭，旧法可损益，必不可叛"。
He returned to Fuzhou with failing lungs and died at Langguan Lane on 27 October 1921, leaving a testament of faith that China would not perish.
严复遗嘱（1921）：“须知中国不灭，旧法可损益，必不可叛。”Yan Fu’s testament (1921): "Know that China shall not perish; the old ways may be pruned, but never renounced."