点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 13 / 58 篇）
周恩来东渡求学行迹（1898年 — 1920年 · 清光绪二十四年至民国九年）
Zhou Enlai: Studies in Japan and the May Fourth Years (1898 CE – 1920 CE · Late Qing to Republic of China)
时代跨度：1898年 — 1920年 · 清光绪二十四年至民国九年
途经站点：共 8 站
起点 → 终点：淮安府 → 上海
全线途经古今地名：淮安府（今江苏淮安） → 铁岭（今辽宁铁岭） → 奉天（今辽宁沈阳） → 天津（今天津） → 东京（今日本东京） → 京都岚山（今日本京都岚山） → 天津（今天津） → 上海（今上海）。
Route Stops: Huai'an Prefecture (Huai'an, Jiangsu) → Tieling (Tieling, Liaoning) → Mukden (Shenyang) (Shenyang, Liaoning) → Tianjin (Tianjin) → Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan) → Arashiyama, Kyoto (Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan) → Tianjin (Tianjin) → Shanghai (Shanghai).
周恩来东渡求学行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（8 站）
生于江苏淮安府山阳县，幼承嗣母陈氏课读；十二岁随伯父离乡赴东北读书。
Zhou was born in Huai'an and was schooled early by his adoptive mother; at twelve he left home for the northeast to study under his uncle's care.
随伯父寄居关外，先入铁岭银冈书院读书半年。
Newly arrived in Manchuria, Zhou spent half a year at the Yingang Academy in Tieling.
秋入奉天东关模范两等小学校；课堂上答校长“为什么而读书”之问，说出流传至今的一句。
At the Dongguan Model School in Mukden, Zhou gave the principal his famous answer to why he studied.
周恩来在奉天答校长问：“为中华之崛起而读书。”Zhou Enlai, asked at school why he studied: "To make China rise."
考入天津南开学校，编演新剧、主编刊物、组织敬业乐群会，以“面壁十年图破壁”自励。
At Nankai School in Tianjin, Zhou acted in modern drama, edited school publications, and led student societies.
9 月东渡，入东京神田东亚高等预备学校补习日语备考官费；1918 年投考东京高等师范与第一高等学校均未第；留日期间阅读《新青年》，初识河上肇介绍的马克思主义。
Sailing to Japan at nineteen, Zhou prepared for the state examinations in Tokyo but failed them twice in 1918; reading New Youth and Kawakami Hajime's introductions to Marxism reshaped his outlook.
周恩来《大江歌罢掉头东》（1917 东渡前）：“大江歌罢掉头东，邃密群科济世穷。面壁十年图破壁，难酬蹈海亦英雄。”Zhou Enlai, on leaving for Japan (1917): "Song of the great river sung, I turn my head east; deep study shall save the world. Ten years facing the wall to break through it — even failing, to drown at sea were heroism."
闻南开将设大学部，决意归国；归途 4 月游京都岚山，作新诗《雨中岚山》等四首。
Hearing that Nankai would open a college, Zhou decided to return; passing through Kyoto in April he wrote his poems on Arashiyama in the rain.
周恩来《雨中岚山》（1919）：“潇潇雨，雾蒙浓；一线阳光穿云出，愈见姣妍。”Zhou Enlai, Arashiyama in the Rain (1919): "Steady rain, thick mist; one thread of sunlight breaks through the clouds, and lovelier for it."
回津投身五四运动，主编《天津学生联合会报》，与邓颖超等组织觉悟社；1920 年 1 月因领导请愿被捕入狱半年，出狱后即筹赴法。
Back in Tianjin for May Fourth, Zhou edited the student federation paper and co-founded the Awakening Society; arrested in January 1920, he resolved upon release to leave for France.
11 月 7 日在上海乘法国邮船波尔多斯号赴马赛，同行郭隆真等一百九十七人，走上职业革命家的道路。
On November 7, 1920, Zhou boarded the French mail steamer Porthos in Shanghai for Marseille, beginning his life as a professional revolutionary.